Week Eight: The Sound of...Podcasting

Podcasts are those compilations of audio or video files that can be played on a computer or MP3 player. What makes podcasts so interesting is the fact that just about anyone can make them, just like blogs.

Creating podcasts is a fairly simple process. Using a sound-editing program such as Audacity, users can discuss hot-button issues or random daily thoughts, share music or important news, and even attend class. From there, podcasts can be uploaded to music-sharing programs like iTunes or Zune, or to blogs and other websites. The following is a helpful video depicting how to make a podcast:

As I said above, one way to utilize a podcast feed is by using it for class. Initially, I had no clue as to how podcasting could fit into the educational realm. Upon reading Brian Flanagan and Brenden Calandra's article "Podcasting in the Classroom," along with Debra Sprague and Cynthia Pixley's "Podcasts in Education: Let Their Voices Be Heard" this thought block removed itself. On the secondary education level, podcasts can be used for recorded lectures and supplemental materials. For instance, in foreign language classes, podcasts can be used to expose students to conversations and dialogues in the language or native music.

On the elementary education level, podcasting can be very useful. Podcasts can be used in the elementary school classroom in much the same way a foreign language teacher would use them:

• Listening to children's music from many different cultures.
• Learning another language by using podcasts during morning rituals: "Today is...The weather is...Hi, how are you...?"
• Keeping students and parents up-to-date with different classroom and school events.
• Allowing students to create podcasts about the goings-on of the classroom for school-wide and community-wide communication.

(Learning Entries Blog #2 starts here!) Week Seven: Digital Storytelling

The thought of bringing digital storytelling into the elementary classroom unleashes so many ideas in my mind. Using different programs, such as Windows Movie Maker, iMovie, Animoto, or GoAnimate, students can depict just about anything: plotlines to stories read in class, the year in review, hopes and dreams, among plenty of others. Digital storytelling becomes an innovative outlet for people of any age.

Using images and audio to portray and evoke emotion through a video is an incredible action: the ability to persuade, ability to remind, or ability to invoke are talents to be honed in various fields. Below is a video of a family trip, white water rafting in Idaho. It recaptures many pleasant moments in the lives of my family members and myself.

Using Windows Movie Maker, a program that came included on my computer, I arranged the photos to Regina Spektor's "The Call." (In case you were wondering: when we all got together to watch the video after the trip, my mother and older brother cried. Molly = WIN!)

Other digital storytelling programs include, but are not limited to:

• Picasa is a great tool for uploading and editing photos online. You can crop and remove red-eye, along with a plethora of other options. Picasa allows for finishing a photo and then placing it in a presentation.

• Kerpoof is a program I would seriously considering using in an elementary classroom. It looks like fun and I am 100% sure that children would love it: doodling, making a cartoon movie, making a story in an online storybook, and coloring pictures. This program not only encourages students to use their imaginations and learn, it allows room for infinite fun.

• Glogster is a website on which you can create your own posters and wallpapers for your computer or blog. Love a certain picture or quote, or both? Make a poster that includes one or both of them!

• xtranormal is a site that offers text-to-movie videos. Users can design characters and write scripts, and when completed, a video of characters with automated voices will act out any scene created.

Digital storytelling is used often in certain areas of life: presentations, picture slideshows, music videos. In the future, with all sorts of technological advances, who knows what's in store?

Week Six: Visual Literacy

Visual literacy manifests itself in just about anything: street signs, body language, clothing, magazines. How we perceive these symbols is only half of the communication battle; the other half is putting forth our own images to be observed. and interpreted. Using computers, images can be distorted in any way to communicate all sorts of messages. This often makes being visually literate a double-edged sword, as reality is not always actuality.

To understand the entire concept of visual literacy, let's look at the basics:

1. Dots
2. Lines
3. Shapes
4. Direction
5. Value
6. Hue and Saturation
7. Texture
8. Scale
9. Dimension and Motion
   

The combination of all of these aspects is visual literacy. With them comes an understanding of what a person or artist is intending to say. The most obvious use of visual literacy is in advertisements. Using photograph editing software, such as PHOTOSHOP, an advertiser can distort an image in any way, in order to send a particular message about a particular product. Below is a video discussing PHOTOSHOP and the dangers of its misconceptions.

Clearly, the media portrays a certain ideal, often unattainable. As a teacher, I believe it will be a responsibility of mine to teach that what you see is not always what you get. Perhaps, teaching students about PHOTOSHOP and how to use it will help them realize that there are certain dialogues of visual literacy in which no one will ever be completely fluent.

Week Five: Media and Information Literacy

Educational technology incorporates all those tools used to educate in the classroom, workplace, or home environment. Designing these technologies and using them for instructional media can sometimes be a hassle. When designing or using a webpage, presentation, or visual aid of any kind, keeping the intended audience in mind is incredibly important. The colors, pictures, sounds, and extras (links to other sites or resources) must all be environmentally and age-appropriate.

Some of the first aspects to consider when designing your own instructional media are Contrast, Repetition, Alignment, and Proximity: CRAP. Especially in elementary education, sticking to these guidelines is very important:

1. Contrast refers to the use of colors on a slide or page. Using a plain white background is typically a good idea; however, using bright yellow words can make reading and learning difficult for students.
2. Repetition is not always key, nor is it necessary. Keep your audience's interest piqued by changing wording every now and then.
3. Alignment: while centering all the text in a presentatin may give the look of order, readers generally have a hard time following along, and miss/ignore important components of the presentation.
4. Proximity refers to how close different parts of each page or slide are in reference to one another. If part of your sentence is at the top of the slide and the second line is at the bottom, readers will likely be confused or unimpressed (depends on the age).

Also to be considered when designing instructional media: multimedia and hypermedia. Multimedia is any program that combines still pictures, moving pictures, sound, animation, or video. Hypermedia is any program that connects media by links, allowing a person to explore a document or webpage in an unguided fashion. Both of these supplements draw the audience into the presentation and can promote further learning.

In elementary education, knowing how to reach the students in an interesting way is crucial. Finding media that not only entertains but also facilitates learning can be tough. Looking into my own past, I remember watching this show:

Although incredibly silly, the children's show Zoom incorporated all of the aforementioned elements. Using basic colors, somewhat catchy tunes, and big bold letters, Zoom is able to keep children interested in the educational aspects of the show while entertaining its intended audience. Other shows, such as The Magic School Bus and Bill Nye the Science Guy, are excellent sources of inspiration for designing instructional media for children.

Keep these guidelines close at hand when you start designing your own instructional media. They can be altered and improved upon for any audience. Just remember to keep it sweet and the to point, with as few distractions as possible.

Week Four: Copyright Law, Plagiarism, and Ethical Issues

The internet makes plagiarism and stealing another's work entirely too easy and extremely tempting. Luckily for those artists and creators posting their works online, copyright laws have been enforced and are very useful in protecting what is rightfully not mine or anyone else's from unlawful reproduction.

The video below gives an artist's perspective on copyright law. Interestingly enough, he finds that using his work as an influence and inspiration for one's own work is acceptable. Once a person crosses the profit-line using his work, that's when there is a problem...and understandably so!



Educators who use certain tools in the classroom need to be aware of how copyright laws apply to their field. According to the Fair Use Act, copyrighted materials may be used: for educational/nonprofit purposes, as long as no more than 10% is used, and so that the intended audience is reached. Copyright laws protect the expressions of the artist, so educators must respect the original intent of the artist.

Week Three: Web Technology

Web 2.0: the next phase of Internet usage

The way the internet has evolved since it was first developed for military use in the 1960s can be described as drastic. Ever since its development, its growth has been exponential. The size of instruments used to "contain" the internet has decreased by incredible proportions, and the size of the scope of the internet has increased beyond belief. While the internet was initially developed for mailing purposes, today its functions are as far as the eye can see and still more.

The internet's synchronous and asynchronous features help downsize the world and bring everyone that much closer. Synchronous features (meaning when people communicate in real time) include chat rooms, instant messaging, and video conferencing. Asynchronous features (those features not updated in real time) include listservs and forums. These features make up the concept of "Web 2.0:" the read-write internet of today which allows anybody with access to a computer to observe the goings-on of others or to create their own fuss. The beauty of Web 2.0 is that it has brought the world closer together with programs such as Facebook, Twitter, and Skype.

Along with these social networking sites, Web 2.0 allows access to tools of all sorts. As I am an elementary education major, I found the website GameClassroom particularly interesting. GameClassroom is a program that allows students to receive extra help in their studies, using state educational standards as guidelines for each activity. Students can choose between math and language arts areas, grade levels, and begin practice in specific skill sets of each area and grade. As a future teacher, this site is one to keep in mind for outside-of-the-classroom practice that students will enjoy and from which students will enjoy.

As stated in my previous entry, it is important to not rely too heavily on technologies. The series, Growing Up Online, illustrates the dangers of using technology too much, too soon, and too quickly. Former worries were based on sexual predators on the internet; today, the worries focus on cyberbullying, finding a niche in the wrong group (eating disorders and depression reinforcements), even dulled and undefined social skills. With a generation using computers and other technologies during most of its time awake, getting into cyber trouble is an all-too-likely possibility.

On a lighter note, web technologies help bring resources once unattainable to the forefront as instructional materials. Today's students receive the creme de la creme of educational technologies. Woohoo!

Week Two: Educational Technology

“Educational technology is a combination of the processes and tools involved in addressing educational needs and problems, with an emphasis on applying the most current tools: computers and their related technologies.”

As today’s world advances more and more, administrators and teachers become more and more aware that using yesterday’s tools to educate tomorrow’s leaders is a lackluster plan. In this week’s lesson, we explore educational technologies from the past and present, along with those the future may bring.

As far back as the 1910s, classrooms utilized tape recorders, videocassette players, and movies. Two decades later, slides and projectors, radios and sound recordings, and the child-friendly television station, PBS, were all instruments used in educational environments. In distance education, technologies such as cameras and class websites, along with online access to grades, have helped to educate students all over the world.

Of course, educational technologies are not only used in the classroom. Millions of people implement educational technology in all aspects of their lives: in the media, as job training devices, at home, and for instruction. Instructional techniques, such as virtual realities, allow for real world practice in hazard-free learning environments. Below is a video discussing the benefits and usefulness of a driving simulator in driver’s education courses. The video explains the effectiveness of the simulator: teenaged drivers are experiencing driving conditions of all sorts prior to ever setting foot to pedal.

As an education major, finding different technologies to facilitate learning is imperative. Preparing students for the future does not only mean teaching them reading, ‘riting, and ‘rithmetic, preparing students for the future means teaching them how to use any technology used today or tomorrow. Also, technology can allow for different teaching styles. Students learn in a variety of ways: audibly, visually, kinesthetically, or a mixture of the three. In employing technology as a supplement rather than a crutch, students can learn to the best of their abilities and in their own ways.

One final note: technology is ever-changing. In this way, it is imperative to understand that technology is not a panacea. There are many advantages and disadvantages to implementing technology in any sector of life: with students’ increased productivity, better attention spans, and greater understanding of materials come increased expenses, possible undesirable side-effects, and even resistance from those people who don’t develop advanced technologies.